The Afghan Communist Party secretly forms. 1957Īs part of Daoud’s reforms, women are allowed to attend university and enter the workforce. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agrees to help Afghanistan, and the two countries become close allies. He also introduces a number of social reforms including allowing women a more public presence. Mohammed Daoud Khan, cousin of the king, becomes prime minister and looks to the communist nation for economic and military assistance. The nation of Pakistan includes a long, largely uncontrollable, border with Afghanistan. 1947īritain withdraws from India, creating the predominantly Hindu but secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan. The United States formally recognizes Afghanistan. The new king brings a semblance of stability to the country and he rules for the next 40 years. Critics, frustrated by Amanullah’s policies, take up arms in 1928 and by 1929, the king abdicates and leaves the country. He launches a series of modernization plans and attempts to limit the power of the Loya Jirga, the National Council. 1926Īmanullah declares Afghanistan a monarchy, rather than an emirate, and proclaims himself king. Concerned that Afghanistan has fallen behind the rest of the world, Amir Amanullah Khan begins a rigorous campaign of socioeconomic reform. The British, beleaguered in the wake of World War I, are defeated in the Third British-Afghan War (1919-21), and Afghanistan becomes an independent nation. By 1870, after the area had been invaded by various Arab conquerors, Islam had taken root.ĭuring the 19th century, Britain, looking to protect its Indian empire from Russia, attempted to annex Afghanistan, resulting in a series of British-Afghan Wars (1838-42, 1878-80, 1919-21). Genghis Khan took over the territory in the 13th century, but it wasn’t until the 1700s that the area was united as a single country. READ MORE: Afghan children get left behind, go missing amid chaos at Kabul’s airport Mahmud of Ghazni, an 11th century conqueror who created an empire from Iran to India, is considered the greatest of Afghanistan’s conquerors. At the gateway between Asia and Europe, this land was conquered by Darius I of Babylonia circa 500 B.C., and Alexander the Great of Macedonia in 329 B.C., among others. The land that is now Afghanistan has a long history of domination by foreign conquerors and strife among internally warring factions.
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